The Differential Effects of Slow and Fast Music on Cardiovascular Parameters and Stress Levels Among College Students

Indumathi; S. Jayaprakash; B. Thrisha Gabrin; L. Priyadharshini; J. Pooja; V. Amala Deepa

The Differential Effects of Slow and Fast Music on Cardiovascular Parameters and Stress Levels Among College Students

Date

2025-12-24

Authors

Indumathi

S. Jayaprakash

B. Thrisha Gabrin

L. Priyadharshini

J. Pooja

V. Amala Deepa

Publisher

Chitkara University Publications

Abstract

Background: Music is a universally accessible, non-invasive tool with potential therapeutic effects on stress and autonomic function. College students, frequently exposed to high levels of psychological stress, may benefit from music-based interventions for stress reduction. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of slow and fast tempo music on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and emotional well-being in college students with moderate to high stress levels. Methods: A within-subject experimental study was conducted among 122 college students aged 17–25 years. Based on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) scores, 60 individuals with moderate or high stress were selected for intervention. Resting HR and BP were measured prior to exposure. Participants were sequentially exposed to slow-beat music (“Weightless,” 71 bpm) and fast-beat music (“Worldwide Chopper,” 128 bpm) with a washout period to minimize carryover effects. HR was recorded during, and BP was measured after, each music session. A mood state questionnaire was administered post-intervention. Results: Exposure to slow tempo music produced a significant reduction in HR and BP, suggesting enhanced parasympathetic activity. In contrast, fast tempo music induced a mild elevation in HR and BP within physiological limits, indicating sympathetic arousal. Mood questionnaire responses aligned with physiological findings, with participants reporting feelings of relaxation during slow music and feelings of energy and stimulation during fast music. Conclusion: Slow tempo music appears to be a promising, non-pharmacological intervention for stress reduction and autonomic regulation in college students. It may aid in balancing cardiovascular responses while improving emotional well-being. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore long-term effects on cardiovascular health and psychological outcomes.