Browsing by Author "Sachitanand Singh"

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    Comparison of Stereopsis, Contrast Sensitivity and Near Points of Accommodation In Patients With Degree of Myopia
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-04-14) Sachitanand Singh; Renu Thakur; Diksha Kumari; Prachi Yadav; Bipina Gautam
    Background: Stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth in objects through binocular vision, where the brain interprets 2-dimensional retinal images as 3-dimensional shadows. It plays a crucial role in assessing and understanding the objects we see. Factors like sensory and motor fusion greatly influence the quality of stereoscopic vision. Myopia, a condition characterized by nearsightedness, can negatively impact stereopsis. Contrast sensitivity refers to the ability to discern sharp outlines and detect subtle differences in shading and patterns. It helps identify objects with unclear boundaries against their background. Purpose: This study aimed to compare Stereopsis, Contrast Sensitivity, and Near Point of Accommodation among individuals with different grades of Myopia and Emmetropia. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Nandadeep Eye Hospital, Maharastra, involving staff and patients aged 15 to 30 years. Participants with strabismus, anisometropia, previous ocular surgery, ocular diseases, or systemic conditions were excluded. The assessments included objective and subjective refraction eye examinations, as well as measurements of stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and near point of accommodation. Results: The results, based on 109 subjects, indicated no significant change in contrast sensitivity between emmetropes and myopes. However, there were significant differences in stereoacuity and NPA among different grades of myopes compared to emmetropes. Conclusions: the study suggests that optometrists and eye healthcare professionals should assess stereopsis and near point of accommodation in severely myopic patients even after optical correction, and consider vision therapy if necessary, as it is an effective treatment for accommodative and binocular vision anomalies.
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    Reviving Ancient Eye Cures: The Role of Traditional Medicine in Modern Optometric Science
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2025-10-07) Mahak; Sachitanand Singh; Nakul Sankhayadhar
    Background: For centuries, people have used traditional eye care practices using mineral-only treatments and herbal medicines to optimize their eye health. Many practices are documented in older texts, including the Sushruta Samhita, Ebers Papyrus, and Islamic texts. In a world moving towards integrative medicine, optometry is now reflecting on these traditional practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review traditional eye treatments and their potential place in modern optometric treatment by exploring their historical context, current use, pharmacological evidence, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A literature analysis was carried out using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Key search terms were ‘herbal remedies,’ ‘traditional ophthalmic medicine,’ and ‘ocular health.’ Reports published in English articles from 2016 to 2025 that included information on traditional medicine and the way it is used in modern eye care were included in the study. Results: Prevalence percentages of traditional medicines were found to be quite variable in rural and underserved areas; in rural India it’s at 25%, and Zimbabwe had 65.7%. Minerals, honey, ghee, and herbal extracts have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties. Catastrophic misuse can cause corneal ulcers or blindness; however, data summarize that it offers potential therapeutic benefits for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and dry eye syndrome. Conclusion: Conventional eye medications may be available for use as an adjunct treatment; however, their safe incorporation into modern ocular care requires further clinical validation, standardization, and large studies.
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    The Eye in Space: Optometry’s Role in Managing Vision Challenges in Microgravity
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2025-11-28) Mahak; Sachitanand Singh; Nakul Sankhayadhar
    Background: Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS) is a major health threat to astronauts experiencing long-duration spaceflight. SANS is characterized by optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, hyperopic shifts, and increased retinal thickness. These changes are primarily caused by cephalad fluid shifts and altered intracranial pressure (ICP), all of which have implications for visual function, mission safety, and long-term ocular health. Purpose: This paper reviews the literature related to the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and optometric consequences of SANS and discusses the essential role of optometry in the eye care of astronauts, as well as possible translational applications for eye problems on Earth. Methods: A systematic narrative review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar over the period of 2010–2025. Studies focused on ocular changes in astronauts, imaging modalities (OCT, MRI, ultrasonography), and countermeasures. Results were categorized into diagnostic modalities, pathophysiology, interventions, visual performance, and optometric implications. Results: Approximately 60–69% of long-duration astronauts exhibited visual changes compared to 29% for shorter missions. Similar studies failed to replicate the same direction of the SANS condition, although modeling found evidence of orbital fat edema and the risk of structural vulnerability to increased intracranial pressure or IOP. Diagnostic methods are noninvasive, thus potentially improving utilization in space. Diagnostic methods such as OCT, ultrasonography, fundus photography, and AI-facilitated algorithms likely have more sensitivity than traditional methods. Countermeasures such as artificial gravity, lower body negative pressure, and fluid-shifting garments partially mitigated the incidence of SANS. Functional performance included decreased contrast sensitivity, loss of stereoacuity, and transient refractive shift. Conclusion: SANS is a multifaceted syndrome that encompasses intracranial pressure, fluid mechanisms, vascular and glymphatic drainage, anatomical considerations, and environmental stressors. Optometry plays a critical role in diagnosing, monitoring, and rehabilitation and can impart translational information related to disorders such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and glaucoma.
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    Visumax Femtosecond Laser Impact on Myopic Residual Refractive Error
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-10-16) Kaushal Kishor Sahu; Sachitanand Singh; Renu Thakur
    Background: Compare the residual refractive power following “small incision lenticule extraction” (SMILE) surgical correction in myopic patients with moderate to severe myopia and myopic astigmatism. Aim: To study the pre op with post op residual refractive status comparison in low to high myopia and myopic astigmatism patients under gone ReLEx SMILE operation. Methods: Prospective comparative analysis with 65 eyes of 33 patients classified into three groups19: mild myopia -1.00 to -3.00 D, moderate myopia -3.25 to -6.00 D, and high myopia -6.25 to -10.00 D, comprising spherical and cylindrical using spherical equivalent (SE). Using the SMILE surgery, each patient were corrected for myopic refractive error. Retinoscope was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively one day and one month following surgery, respectively. Results: Pre op 1 day and 1 month are showing a significant and gradual decrease where low and high myopia are compared, which is statistically significant for both one day (0.007) and one month (0.001) post operatively, but low to moderate (0.282) and moderate to high (0.147) post operatively 1 day and 1 month it is not statistically significant. This indicates that high myopia has greater residual power than low and moderate myopia. Conclusion: This research concludes that residual power increases as myopia increases in severity. As the objective residual power after SMILE surgery is less than +/- 0.50D in approximately 75% – 80% of eyes, SMILE surgery is a suitable alternative for refractive surgery correction with less complications than other refractive surgery techniques.