Browsing by Author "Divyanshu"

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    Buccal Mucoadhesive Systems for Antihypertensive Drugs: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation and Therapeutic Applications
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2026-02-17) Divyanshu; Jatin Agarwal; Km. Pinki; Harpreet Singh; Arun Kumar Mishra
    Background: Hypertension is a major health burden globally despite the development of effective pharmacotherapy. Conventional oral administration of antihypertensives may be associated with poor bioavailability because of extensive first-pass metabolism as well as degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. A buccal patch using mucoadhesive technology has been recognized as an innovative approach to multidrug therapy for hypertension. Purpose: The review highlights the status of research in buccal mucoadhesive patches as a delivery system for antihypertensives. Methods: The relevant literature was scrutinized for formulation methods, choice of polymers and excipients, physicochemical characterization, and advances that have occurred in patch design. The critical focus was also on permeation enhancers, nanoenabled patch systems, multilayered patch systems, and issues related to their preparation, stability, packaging, and regulatory concerns. Results: Buccal mucoadhesive patches showed improved drug bioavailability, controlled and sustained drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Advanced designs, such as those incorporating permeation promoters, nano formulations, and layered structures, demonstrated enhanced performance in terms of drug permeation and control of release, with reduced dosing frequencies and minimized side effects. Conclusion: Buccal mucoadhesive patch technology is a promising and innovative drug delivery technology for antihypertensive medications. By providing a controlled and consistent level of the drug and improving patient compliance, this technology has the potential to greatly alter the approach to treating this condition.